Subodh Bhattarai (English & Communication Notes - BBA/BBS/BBBS/BHM/BIM/BMS/MBA/MBS & +2)

Characters : Don Gonzalo (The Gallant Lover) Dona Laura (The Silver Maiden) Petra (Laura’s maid) Juanito (Don’s Servant) Summary : ‘ A Sunny Morning ’ is a short, one-act play by Serafin and Joaquin Alvarez Quintero , two renowned Spanish dramatists and brothers. It is a romantic comedy which presents the story of Don Gonzalo and Dona Laura who, loved each other in their youth but were forced to separate in life. In the play on a sunny autumn morning in a quiet corner of a park in Madrid, Dona Laura, a beautiful, white-haired lady of about seventy, refined in appearance, is feeding cereals to pigeons in the park. Don Gonzalo, a gentleman of seventy, gouty and impatient, enters. Their servants Petra , Dona Laura’s maid, and Juanito , Don Gonzalo's servant who have been escorting them, go nearby. The conversation between the two seventy-year-olds begins sarcastically, with each accusing the other of intruding on their private space. Don Gonzalo complains the priests have taken hi...

Susan Glaspell was born in 1876 and raised in rural Iowa. Despite the prevailing opinions of her community, she believed in a woman’s right to education and pursued her studies, enrolling at Drake University where she excelled in the male-dominated debate competitions. After college, Glaspell worked as a journalist covering murder cases. Trifles is based on one case she covered; Glaspell resigned her post after seeing the woman in the case convicted of murdering her abusive husband. She wrote Trifles in 1916. Her play Alison's House (1930) earned the Pulitzer Prize for drama in 1931. Glaspell is today recognised as a pioneering feminist writer and America's first important modern female playwright. She died of pneumonia on July 27, 1948. Historical Context of Trifles Feminism in the early 20th century focused primarily on practical achievements toward the attainment of legal equality, particularly the fight for women’s suffrage (right to vote) and equal employment. This ...

In the essay ' Scientific Research is a Token of Humankind’s Survival ',  Keilis-Borok writes about his profession as a scientist, and views that science is the humankind’s essential guardian and caretaker. According to the writer, being a scientist is more exciting than being a doctor or an engineer because a scientist gets freedom, camaraderie/friendship and independence in doing work. Then honours and promotions depends on hard work. The discovery is a reward in itself. “ Why is it that some of us still decide to become scientists, despite the fact that businessmen, lawyers, and doctors enjoy a much higher income ?” Vladimir asked and answered. “ A famous Russian writer Leo Tolstoy once wrote that a writer is not merely a person who writes; a writer is a person who cannot live without writing. The same, I believe, is true for a scientist. Science is an exciting adventure where major rewards come from the discovery itself. What you get instead of big money is freedom, camar...

Jo Goodwin Parker was an anonymous person from West Virginia, the Southern United States. Parker mailed her essay to George Henderson, preferring that the editor present no byline. George Henderson, a professor at the University of Oklahoma, received it while he was writing his 1971 book, America’s Other Children: Public Schools Outside Suburbia.  It was signed “Jo Goodwin Parker” . No further information was ever discovered about the essay or its source. Whether the author of this essay was in reality a woman describing her own painful experiences or a sympathetic writer who had adopted her persona, Jo Goodwin Parker remains a mystery. So in keeping with the spirit of its initial publication, Parker’s essay is kept here without any biographical data about its author.  Jo Goodwin Parker’s essay, “ What is Poverty? ” is about Parker who has personally experienced rural poverty. She explains her story from childhood to adulthood.  Her struggles are overwhelming. Using examp...

J.B.S. Haldane (1892-1964) was a British-Indian scientist known for his work in the study of physiology, genetics, evolutionary biology, and mathematics who enjoyed participating in war, experimenting on himself, and declaring himself a Communist. His formal schooling was done at Eton College and New College at Oxford. He obtained his M.A. in 1914. Soon after, Haldane enlisted in the British Army and served during World War I . After returning from the war, Haldane began his teaching career at University.   From 1937 to 1950, he wrote a column on science for the London Daily Worker . After he and his wife moved to India, Haldane wrote similar articles from 1957 to 1964 for The Hindu in Chennai (Madras). Haldane's first paper in 1915 demonstrated genetic linkage in mammals. Haldane was a professed socialist, Marxist, atheist and humanist. His political dissent led him to renounce (waive) his British citizenship in 1956 and live in India, becoming a naturalised Indian citizen....

At his Stanford University commencement speech on June 2005, Steve Jobs, CEO and co-founder of Apple and Pixar, urges to pursue dreams and see the opportunities in life's setbacks -- including death itself. The foremost aim of Steve Jobs’ speech How to Live before you Die is to motivate audience’s members to never cease exploring the full extent of their lives’ potential. Jobs though his speech is able to establish a strong emotional contact with the audience by proving himself a humble, easy-going and humorous individual: “ Truth be told, I never graduated from college, and this is the closest I’ve ever gotten to a college graduation .”  By telling three stories from his life Steve is urging people to pursue their dreams and trust their intuition. In the first part of his speech, Jobs told the story of how his life’s experiences started to make sense in the end, even though that when he was young, Jobs was often unable to find much of a meaning to these experiences. Hence, Jobs’ ‘...

Frank Raymond LaPena was born in 1937, in San Francisco, California and passed away on May 2, 2019 at the age of 81.   The essay Sharing Tradition written by Frank LaPena is about passing on culture and values from old generation to new generation through oral tradition. For this, we must listen to our elders’ stories. The writer through this essay presents the importance of tradition for the people of this world and its preservation through the oral tradition which is an art form. LaPena emphasises on our traditional and cultural values which are very much important for our bright future. According to him, we must listen to our elders to maintain our cultural and traditional norms and values. LaPena reflects on the issue of passing on culture and values from generation to generation in oral form. Oral tradition refers to a form of human communication wherein knowledge, art, ideas and cultural value is received, preserved, and transmitted orally from one generation to another. T...

  Jobs When we say what people's jobs are, we usually use a/an . He's an architect. She's a scientist. My grandmother was a teacher. Singular nouns Singular, countable nouns always have an article – a/an or the (or another determiner – my, your, this, that, etc.). We use a/an – the indefinite article – when we talk about something for the first time, or something that is part of a group or type. I saw a good film yesterday. Do you want a drink? We use a when the word that follows it begins with a consonant sound. We use an when it's followed by a vowel sound. This makes pronunciation easier. She has a university degree. It took me an hour to get home. We use the – the definite article – when the listener already knows which thing we are talking about because it was mentioned before or because there's only one of them. I'm going to take the dog for a walk. Have you seen the car key? They go to the school next to the bridge. ...

Answers : a first-year student at a university, college, or high school (iv) having a lack of experience or knowledge (v) without conscious awareness (viii) say something in a boastful manner (i) action of throwing away something (ii) dormitory, student residence hall or building (vii) someone who shares your bathroom/living room/kitchen in college (vi) not able to be calculated or estimated (iii) Answers : Her story is unbelievable in the literal sense of the word. Her story is incredible in the literal sense of the word. We often read the novels of the reputed writers in the world. We often read the novels of the potential writers in the world. The Facebook users are scattered but connected to each other through the Internet. The Facebook users are fragmented but connected to each other through the Internet. Sometimes unexpected events happen in our life. Sometimes unanticipated events happen in our life. He paused, examining the faces of Anjana and Manju with his ...