Unit 10: Describing Events

 

Words	Meanings
Insurgent	A person who takes part in an armed rebellion against the constituted authority (especially in the hope of improving conditions)/freedom-fighter
Utopian	A perfect place; an imaginary state in which everything is perfect; idealistic
Ideal	Satisfying one’s conception of what is perfect; most suitable
Two-pronged	Separated into parts
Oppression	Unjust exercise of or power
Intertwined	One involved with the other and vice versa
Ultimatum	A final demand/the rejection of which will result in retaliation or a breakdown in relation
Expunged	Removed completely
Parity	The state or condition of being equal, especially as regards status
Convention	An assembly of people/large meeting or conference
Feminist	A person who supports or recommends the rights of women

1. Vocabulary in Use
1. Find the words from the text above that give similar meaning to the following.

1. having two projecting, pointed parts = two-pronged
2. treating people in a cruel and unfair way = oppression
3. twist or twine together = intertwined
4. to remove completely or get rid of something = expunge
5. behavior or attitudes that show high moral standards = virtue

2. Reading Comprehension
1. Complete the following sentences with the correct information from the text above.

1. The first target of Yogmaya was the cultural and religious oppression of the time.
2. Yogmaya's political campaign took place during the 1930s and ended in the 1940s.
3. Her poetry carries messages of parity and mutual respect.
4. Yogamaya devised a non-violent political strategy.
5. Her movement went further because it included an appeal to end injustice against women and girls.

GRAMMAR (page 110)

Causative Verbs

The causatives are the verbs that are used to indicate that one person causes another person to do something. One can cause somebody to do something for him/her by asking, paying, requesting, or forcing the person.

There are 3 types of causative verbs:

• Have (= give someone else the responsibility to do something)

Structure 1: 

Subject +  have (any tense) + object (usually person) + base form of verb + . . .

Examples: Ram had Hari clean the bedroom.

He always has me trim his hair.

Anju will have Mina prepare her homework.

I’m going to have my hair cut tomorrow.

Structure 2:

Subject + have (any tense) + object (usually thing) + past participle form of verb + . . .

Examples: Ram had his car washed.

He always has his work done.

Anju will have her homework prepared. 

We’re having our house painted this weekend.

• Get (convince/encourage someone to do something)

Structure1:

Subject + get (any tense) + object (usually person) + infinitive + . . .

Examples: Ram got Alex to clean the bedroom.

He always gets me to do his work.

Sita will get Riya to prepare her homework.

Structure 2:

Subject + get(any tense) + object (usually thing) + past participle form of verb + . . .

Examples: Ram got his car washed.

He always gets his work done.

Sita will get her homework prepared.

• Make (force or require someone to take an action)

Make is is stronger than ‘have/get’. It constitutes only one structure as it does not take anything ‘passive’ as its object.   

Structure: 

Subject + make (any tense) + object (always person) + base form of verb + . . .

Examples: Ram made me beat that boy.

He always makes me do his work.

She will make me prepare her homework.

Shyam makes me laugh whenever I am down. 

The teacher made all the students rewrite their papers because the first drafts were not acceptable.

• Some other verbs that are used as causative verbs are: allow, help, keep, let, force, etc. 

1. Change the verbs in the following sentences into active voices.

1. English is taught in every school in the country.
   Ans: We teach English in every school in the country.
2. My jacket was made in Thailand.
   Ans: They made my jacket in Thailand.
3. Paper was invented by the Chinese.
   Ans: The Chinese invented paper.
4. His interview is being televised throughout the world.
   Ans: People are televising his interview throughout the world.
5. This street has been surfaced by the municipality.
   Ans: The municipality has surfaced this street.
6. This problem cannot be solved by John.
   Ans: John cannot solve this problem.
7. Have you been awarded by the university?
   Ans: Has the university awarded you?
8. You could see that the dress was going to be washed by him.
   Ans: You could see that he was going to wash the dress.
9. Let the assembly begin.
   Ans: Begin the assembly.
10. Food would have been cooked by Justine.
    Ans: Justine would have cooked food.

RELATIVE PRONOUNS (℗age 112)

Relative Pronouns are:

Subject	Object	Possessive
who	who/whom	whose
which	which	whose
that	that	-

Person: who/whom/whose

Place: where

Time: when

Things (non-person): which/that

We use relative pronouns to introduce relative clauses. Relative clauses tell us more about people and things:

Shiva, who is 76, has just retired.
This is the house which I built.

We had fish and chips, which I always enjoy.
Marie Curie is the woman that discovered radium.

This is the house that Jack built.

We use:

• who and whom for people
• which for things
• that for people or things.

Complete each of the following sentences with an appropriate relative clause.

1. The day when we celebrated Ram's birthday is still fresh in my mind.
2. The back of the yard where we played hide and seek together is my favorite place.
3. President Bhandari, for whom the public had a great support, is representing us.
4. My best friend, whose hobby was to participate Nepal Idol, is a famous singer.
5. The town where I grew up has changed a lot.

Complete the given conversation using appropriate expressions given in the box.

Mother: What’s up? Is there anything wrong today? 

Son: Mother, I don’t like my English language teacher. He always makes us do a lot of things. 

Mother: I don’t think he’s wrong. Can you tell me in detail? 

Son: He makes us learn vocabulary every day. Besides, he makes us pronounce new words from the dictionary. Mom, not only that, once, he made us stay late to complete our writing exercise. Last month, he made my best friend memorize a long poem within two days. Now, he has given us project work. How shall I do it? My computer isn’t working. It’s ridiculous, mom. How can I have somebody fix it in this short period of time? 

Mother: Oh! In fact, I was also planning to get somebody to fix it. But, don’t worry. You can have your project work done and designed in Cybercafé. After all, your teacher is helping you in your study differently. Take it easy, boy. 

Son: OK, mom.