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BBS 1st Year Business Studies Compete Notes

 VERB VOICE

  • Verbs in English have voice, which refers to the relationship between the subject of the sentence and the verb.
    • In grammar, the voice of a verb describes the relationship between the action (or state) that the verb expresses and the participants identified by its arguments (subject, object, etc.). 
    • When the subject is the agent or doer of the action, the verb is in the active voice. 
    • When the subject is the patient, target or undergoes of the action, the verb is said to be in the passive voice.
  • Examples of Verb Voice:
    • There are two verb voices in English:
      • Active Voice-when the subject of the sentence the person or thing doing the action of the verb or in the state expressed by the verb. This is the voice with which we are most familiar-the subject performs the action of the sentence.
      • Passive Voice-when the subject of the sentence is being acted upon. The subject of the sentence is not performing the action. Instead, it is receiving the action.
      • Most writers do not use passive voice. Passive voice should only be used when you need to emphasise the thing that is being acted upon. 
      • To write a sentence in the passive voice, you must use an auxiliary verb, or "helping" verb.

Examples of sentences written in active voice:

1) Hari threw the ball through the neighbour’s window.

2) Sita drank the last bottle of water.

3) Siya read the library book.

4) Piya walks her dog Jakie.

5) The class watched a movie about frogs.

Examples of the same sentences written in passive voice:

1) The ball was thrown through the neighbour’s window by Hari.

2) The last bottle of water was drunk by Sita.

3) The library book was read by Siya.

4) Jakie is walked by Piya.

5) A movie about frogs was watched by the class.


VERB MOOD


Communicators use verb mood to express facts, commands, or conditions. The three moods are indicative, imperative, and subjunctive.


Indicative and imperative moods

The indicative and the imperative moods are fairly common. You use the indicative mood in most statements and questions. 

He walks every day after lunch. 

Does he believe in the benefits of exercise? 


You use the imperative in requests and commands. Imperative statements have an understood subject of “you” and therefore take second‐person verbs. 

Sit down. ([ You] sit down.) 

Please take a number. ([ You] please take a number.)


Subjunctive Mood

Verb tenses in the subjunctive mood are used in special kinds of statements. The most common use of the subjunctive mood is in contrary‐to‐fact or hypothetical statements. In your own writing, you must decide which statements should be in the subjunctive mood. If something is likely to happen, use the indicative. If something is hypothetical, or contrary to fact, use the subjunctive. 

  • Present tense subjunctive
    • If I were king, you would be queen. (In the subjunctive, were is used for all persons.)
    • If he worked, he could earn high wages.
  • Past tense subjunctive
    • If I had been king, you would have been queen.
    • If he had worked, he could have earned high wages.

These contrary‐to‐fact statements have two clauses: the if clause and the consequences clause. The forms of the verbs in these clauses are different from those of verbs used in the indicative mood.


The mood of a verb refers to the manner in which the verb is expressed. 

Most verbs are indicative and are used to express statements of fact or opinion. 

The imperative mood is used to give orders and make requests. 

The interrogative mood asks questions. 

The conditional mood expresses a condition or a hypothetical situation. 

The subjunctive mood can express wishes, doubt, or contradictions. 

A shift in the verb mood occurs when more than one mood is used in the same sentence. Unnecessary shifts should be avoided. 



VERB MOODS

MOOD

SENTENCE

EXPLANATION

Indicative

This book is three hundred pages long.

A statement of fact is expressed.

Imperative

Sit in your seat.

A command is given.

Interrogative

Did you hear a noise?

A question is asked.

Conditional

If I study hard, I will do well on the test.

The sentence expresses a hypothetical situation.

Subjunctive

If I were taller, I would play basketball.

I wish I were taller. 

The subject gives a statement that is contrary to fact or swipes for something. 

Shift in verb mood

Raise your hand, and then can you askyour question. 

Raise is imperative, while can you ask is interrogative. 


Please click HERE for a brief explanations on the following topics (YouTube):
1. Pronouns: a. Antecedent 2. Modifiers: a. Adjectives b. Adverbs c. Participles d. Interjections 3. Connecting Words a. Prepositions b. Conjunctions (Coordinate, Correlative, Subordinate) c. Conjunctive Adverbs d. Relative Pronouns























































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