COLON (:)
- Use a colon to introduce a series of items.
For example, You may be required to bring many things: sleeping bags, pans and warm clothing. - Avoid using a colon before a list when it directly follows a verb or preposition.
For example,
Incorrect: I want: butter, milk and sugar.
Correct: I want the following: butter, milk and sugar.
Correct: I want butter, milk and sugar. - A colon instead of a semicolon may be used between independent clauses when the second sentence explains, illustrates, paraphrases or expands on the first sentence.
For example, The whole thing became terribly clear: they had no means to escape.
SEMICOLON (;)
- Avoid the common mistake of using a semicolon to replace a colon.
For example, One man went to mow; the others went to sow. - A semicolon can replace a period (.) if the writer wishes to narrow the gap between two closely linked sentences.
- Use a semicolon before such words and terms as namely, however, therefore, that is, i.e., for example, e.g., for instance, etc.
- Use a semicolon to separate units of a series when one or more of the units contain commas.
For example, The equipment included a small motor, which was fitted with a transformer; two yards of wire; and a switch. - A semicolon may be used between independent clauses joined by a connector, such as FANBOYS (for, and, not, but, or, yet, so), when one or more commas appear in the first clause.
For example, When I finish here, and I will soon, I will be glad to help you; and that is a promise I will keep.
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